Given the complexities of modern megacities, one of the most important issues for city managers is how to encourage and obtain residents’ cooperation in running the city. Two of the most important concepts in this regard are "Community involvement" and "neighborhood Sense of belonging". The managers of megacities have utilized two institutions, namely "the Neighborhood house" and 'City council" to encourage resident participation. The purpose of the present article is to check the role of community-based organization of neighborhoods in enhancing citizen sense of belonging to the neighborhood. This research was performed as a survey and its sample included 400 individuals from 4 neighborhoods in Tehran (khani abad, janat abad, ozgol, and hakimie). The ideas of Emile Durkheim, Talcott Parsons, and Robert Putnam were used in the development of theoretical framework. The results showed that the project of community-based organization- has been effective in reducing deviant behavior. This project has also been successful in creation of a sense of belonging among the residents and increasing their satisfaction with the neighborhood. The correlation coefficient of "Community-Based organization and Sense of responsibility" was 0.802 and that of " Community-Based organization and Social satisfaction” was 0.963 and of “Community- Based organization and Sense of responsibility was 0.693, all of which are considerably high.

this research is implemented in Mahale Kouhsar in Thehran Four region. The precise question is "will using local community based politics, promote a sense of belonging to community? In order to implement this research, a mixed method was designed including field research, participatory rural appraisal (PRA), and survey. semi structured interviews. Different PRA' techniques and questionnaire were also used for data gathering. The findings showed that programs and politics which had been implemented in this region did not succeed in promoting a sense of belonging to local community. On the contrary this activity has reduced a sense of belonging to this community. The local council's policies (Shorayari) mainly relied on modernization of the region and therefore helped to increase differences and gaps between community members. Migration to and from this community actually furthered this gap and the process of reducing a sense of belonging to the community. This situation made mahaleye kouhsar into a passageway. It also reduced the sense of security in the region especially for women.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the level of social belonging among women in the urban community of Arak and to examine the factors influencing this belonging. Methods and Materials: This research employed a descriptive, cross-sectional survey method. The study sample consisted of 418 women from Arak, selected using stratified sampling based on population size. Data collection was conducted through a structured questionnaire, which was validated using content validity and the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) method, as well as Cronbach's alpha to ensure reliability. The questionnaire assessed four main dimensions of social belonging: attachment to symbols and norms, social trust, extreme individualism, and socioeconomic status. Data analysis involved factor analysis and structural equation modeling using Smart PLS software. Findings: The results revealed that most women in the sample reported moderate levels of social belonging, with 61. 6% indicating a moderate sense of belonging, 22. 6% a low sense, and 15. 8% a high sense. About 42% of women expressed dissatisfaction with urban symbols and norms, while 35% had a positive view of social trust in Arak. Approximately 34% of respondents prioritized personal interests over group interests, indicating a significant presence of extreme individualism. Factor analysis confirmed that social trust, attachment to symbols, and overall social belonging accounted for over 43% of the variance in related variables, and the confirmatory factor analysis validated the proposed model of social belonging among women in Arak. Conclusion: The study concluded that social belonging is crucial for urban quality of life and is influenced by emotional and social factors such as trust and attachment to the environment. The findings aligned with Durkheim's and Giddens' theories, emphasizing the importance of emotional bonds and the interconnection between social structures and individual actions

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to compare the sense of belonging to the school, the perception of the school atmosphere and the academic vitality of elementary school boys in non-profit and normal schools in Qain city. Method: The method of this research was descriptive and comparative. The statistical population of this research included all elementary students of non-profit and normal schools in Qain city in the academic year of 2023-2024. From among the statistical population, 114 students (57 regular students and 57 male students from non-profit schools) were selected as the research sample using available sampling method. In order to collect research data, Barry, Betty and Watt (2004) School Belonging Questionnaire, Reddy and Rhodes (2007) Perception of School Atmosphere Questionnaire and Martin and Marsh (2008) Academic Vitality Questionnaire were used. In order to analyze the research data, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used. Findings: The results of the research data analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the variables of feeling of belonging to school, perception of school atmosphere and academic vitality in non-profit and normal school students (p<0.005). In other words, the sense of belonging to the school, the perception of the school atmosphere, and the academic vitality of non-profit students are more than the students of normal schools.Conclusion:The results of this research showed that the scores of normal students in the studied variables are lower than those of non-profit students, so normal schools should provide training to strengthen academic variables

Human behaviors and activities of individuals are created in urban spaces, and cultural and social relationships are formed in these spaces. Considering the main source of insecurity among citizens in the cities and the important factors such as the physical form of the city, urban structures and the shape of buildings in this case, the purpose of the study is to measure the effect of the sense of belonging to the place in increasing the level of social security of citizens City of Qom. The research method is descriptive-analytic, and the questionnaire has been used to collect the field studies. The results of the research indicate that spatial relationships and spatial arrangements in the neighborhood environment with the control and social abnormalities along with the physical and physical environment have a significant correlation. Similarly, the type of form and the size of space, which is another component of the sense of belonging to the place, has a solidarity with social abnormalities and freedom of movement. The texture and decorations of the neighborhood space have a correlation with physical and physical environment. Among them, the most correlation between dimensions of sense of belonging to place and social security is related to the freedom of movement component with the form type and space size of 0. 980.

Following the Municipality of Tehran’s attempt to becoming a social institution, community management plans for decentralization and citizen participation in municipal administration was implemented. The main question of this research is: how much of a sense-of-belonging exists among the residents of Ghezel ghalea neighborhood of Tehran? What factors affect or influence this phenomenon? And whether community involvement at the community level is associated with? Theoretical framework of the research drew on the paradigm provided by Macmillan and Chavys about community sense -of- belonging and Rahnema’s model of participation. Research population consisted of all the residents of Ghezel ghalea neighborhood of Tehran who were above 18 years of age. Cluster sampling was used to select the sample. Research findings showed that household cost of living, occupation, length of stay in the neighborhood and sense-of-belonging were significantly related. Housing status, gender, age, education, and marital status were not related to sense-of-belonging. Knowledge of the neighborhood was the most highly (0.52) related variable to community sense-of-belonging. No relationships were found between neighborhood utilization and neighborhood sense of belonging.

Background & Purpose: Academic elites are considered as sensitive and influential groups of society, and the loss of their collective sense of belonging is a sign of people's separation from society and the collapse of society. Based on the importance of this topic, the present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the state of the sense of collective belonging of academic elites and also identifying the factors affecting the sense of collective belonging of academic elites.Methodology: This study is an applied research and descriptive survey research method was used in it. The statistical sample included 384 university elites, including professors, students and graduates, who were selected by simple random sampling. The research data were collected through a questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the measurement tool was confirmed through content validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient.Findings: This study is an applied research and descriptive survey research method was used in it. The statistical sample included 384 university elites, including professors, students and graduates, who were selected by simple random sampling. The research data were collected through a questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the measurement tool was confirmed through content validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient.Conclusion: Examining the state of the sense of collective belonging among Iranian academic elites showed the desirability of the sense of collective belonging among this cultured class. However, many factors are involved in explaining the high statistics of Iranian elites and specialists. Explaining and interpreting the lack of commitment to society in a situation where the sense of collective belonging is favorable among this group requires attention to external factors and motivations.